没有反馈电阻的仪表放大器提供精确增益,无论增益多大,放大器的同向和反向输入端提供高输入阻抗。典型仪表放大器IC中,连接两路增益调整引脚的单一电阻决定电路整体增益。绝大多数仪表放大器的完整译本说明管脚为一致增益而保持断开,但是需要设置大于1的有限增益值。虽然增益调整电阻也许由微小的表贴器件组成,但是它的电极和内部电阻层扩展了连接IC增益调整引脚的传导表面。扩展的表面起到天线作用,从而使放大器更容易受到外部杂散磁场的影响。
图1显示了不使用任何外部电阻的仪表放大器提供两路增益的一个。电路由IC1的两路通道形成的一系列不对称差分输出放大器组成。Analog Devices公司的AD8222仪表放大器和由一半IC2第二个AD8222的差分放大器组成。电路中所有三路仪表放大器部分提供单机增益。因为第一级的差分输出有相反的趋势,它们的差别输出是输入信号差的两倍。

电路的最大增益误差不超过δ2=3δ1的值,而增益为1时,δ1表示AD8222部分的最大增益误差。对B级IC,δ2≤ 0.06%时计算δ2的值(参考文献1)。典型的,δ2的值很少达到最大值。给出合理的假设,所有三路仪表
放大器增益误差是独立和服从高斯分布的,δ
2=3δ
1出现的可能性约为单运放出现δ
1最大增益误差的1/20。
英文原文:
Gain-of-two instrumentation amplifier uses no external resistors
Mariᮠ?tofka, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia; Edited by Brad Thompson and Fran Granville -- EDN, 2/15/2007
An instrumentation amplifier offers precise gain without feedback resistors, and, at any value of gain, it provides high input impedances at its noninverting and inverting inputs. In a typical IC instrumentation amplifier, a single resistor that connects across two gain-adjustment pins determines the circuit's overall gain. Integrated versions of most instrumentation amplifiers allow the pins to remain open for unity gain but require finite-value gain-setting resistors for gains exceeding one. Although the gain-adjustment resistor might comprise a tiny surface-mounted device, its electrodes and internal resistive layer extend the conductive surface connected to the IC's gain-adjustment pins. The extended surface acts as an antenna and thus makes the amplifier more susceptible to stray external electromagnetic fields.
Figure 1 shows an instrumentation amplifier that offers a gain of two without using any external resistors. The circuit comprises a cascade of asymmetrical, differential-output amplifier, formed by two channels of IC1; an Analog Devices AD8222 instrumentation amplifier; and a difference amplifier comprising one half of IC2, a second AD8222. All three instrumentation-amplifier sections in the circuit provide a stand-alone gain of one. Because the differential outputs of the first stage have opposite signs, their difference is twice that of the difference of the input signals.